Racism is the belief in the superiority of one

race over another, which often results in discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity. The use of the term “racism” does not easily fall under a single definition.The ideology underlying racism often includes the idea that humans can be subdivided into distinct groups that are different due to their social behavior and their innate capacities, as well as the idea that they can be ranked as inferior or superior.^[2] Historical examples of institutional racism include the Holocaust, the apartheid regime in South Africa, slavery and segregation in the United States, and slavery in Latin America. Racism was also an aspect of the social organization of many colonial states and empires.

While the concepts of race and ethnicity are considered to be separate in contemporary social science, the two terms have a long history of equivalence in both popular usage and older social science literature. “Ethnicity” is often used in a sense close to one traditionally attributed to “race”: the division of human groups based on qualities assumed to be essential or innate to the group (e.g. shared ancestry or shared behavior). Therefore, racism and racial discrimination are often used to describe discrimination on an ethnic or cultural basis, independent of whether these differences are described as racial. According to a United Nations convention on racial discrimination, there is no distinction between the terms “racial” and “ethnic” discrimination. The UN convention further concludes that superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous. It also declared that there is no justification for racial discrimination, anywhere, in theory or in practice.^[3]

Racist ideology can manifest in many aspects of social life. Racism can be present in social actions, practices, or political systems (e.g., apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices or laws. Associated social actions may include nativism, xenophobia, otherness, segregation, hierarchical ranking, supremacism, and related social phenomena.

MARTIN LUTER KING

Martin Luther king was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 15, 1929. Although the name “Michael” appeared on his birth certificate, his name was later changed to Martin Luther in honour of German reformer Martin Luther.

As a king was growing up, everything in Georgia was segregated, 70 years after the Confederacy was defeat and blacks were later separated away from white people. This meant that black and white people were not allowed to go to the same schools, use the same public bathroom, eat at the same restaurant, drink at the sa water fountains or even go to the same hospitals. Everything was separate. However, the white hospitals, schools, and other places were usually much better than the places where black people were allowed to go.

At the age 6, King first went through discrimination (being treated worse than a white person becausen he was black). He was sent to an all-black school, and a white friend was sent to an all-white school.

Once, when he was 14, King won a contest with a speech about civil rights. When he was going back home on a bus, he was forced to give up his seat and stand for the bus ride so a white persone could sit down. At the time, white people were seen as more important than black people. If a white person wanted a seat, that person could take the seat from any African American. King later said having to give up his seat made him “the angriest

I’ve ever been in my life”.

King first started his civil rights activism in 1955. At that time, he led a protest against the way black people. He told his supporters, and the people who were against equal rights, that people should only use paceful ways to solve the problem.

King speaking at the March on Washington, speaking his “I have a dream” famous Speech.

I have a dream today. 

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its Governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. 

This is my favourite peace of this famous speech.

I like it because Martin has tough to the future and he has kicked me like a sunny day with its hot and lovely hair.

Like a son I feel me loved by another people who isn’t my parents. His old dream, now is a little bit true because I am so happy to have a black friend who love me. We are friends thankful him and I must remember what he has done, also for my happy.

King was chosen as a president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which was created during the boycott. Rosa Parks later said:”Dr. King was chosen in part because he was relatively new to the community and so he did not any enemies”. King ended becoming an important leader of the boycott, becoming famous around the country, and making may enemies.

King was arrested for starting a boycott. He was fined €500, plus €500 more in court costs. His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were also threatened. However, by December 1956, segregation had been ended on Montgomery’s buses. People could sit anywhere they wanted on the buses.

After the bus boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy started the Southern Christian Leardschip Conference (SCLC). The group decided that they would only use non-violence. It’s motto was “ Not one hair of one head of one person should be harmed”. The SCLC chose King as its president.

While speaking from a balcony at the Lorrain motel in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King was assassinated.

Red is my white’s blood,

Animal, this black person is only an useless animal,

Colour is not important to judge a people – black person

“I have a dream, that my children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin, but by the content of their character”.

Same like humans

Martin Luther King has given us the free.

We like social media. We like it because we feel better when we use it. It is our free time. It is relaxing and we are funny when we play video games.

Social media is like a drug. This produce dopamine, which is a chemical that’s associated with pleasures.

WHERE IS LOVE ?

Teenagers want love. When we post a photo on instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat we want to became popular. If we receive a like on those post we are famous. Someone accept us! If I continue I will be popular and all love me!

Children, boys and girls pass all their infant to think on it and if they are bullied on this social media they will feel useless in this world.

If we post private photos on these social media, we don’t have respect for us and we want be seen like an animal and this can bring at the suicide, too.

We have to take attention, because, all we post, can’t return back. All this come because we don’t have love and any friends. We are only in the world and we want talk with other but these don’t talk with us.

We are humans and humans life only with love. This is our main food.

We use social media because we have fair to missing out. If we aren’t at the high of our friends we aren’t member of this society. We don’t like social media, we follow we follow the society. We want to be perfect and we use all this sistems to modify our face or our body. We like and we see always the little fe of other and we don’t accept our life.

Oliver Twist is a story written by Charles Dickens.

This story talk about an orphan, who was born in a workhouse before the died of his mother. He lived for 9 years in this orribile place where boys and girls had to work for the state, and they were grown only by a small quantity of porridge. Oliver, then have asked for some porridge, he became a worker for Mr soweberry, who produced coffins.

But, then various bad words by an unfriendly boy, who had to teach Oliver to produce coffins, on Oliver’s mother, Olive escape in London. Here he meet Dodger, a new friend who make know Fagin( a cruel man ) to Oliver. They were thief and during a robbery, Oliver is taken by the police. A good old man, who had seen the action of the robbery said Oliver innocent and he toke him. Mr Brownlow gave Oliver love, food and dress. However Fagin does not give up and in order to fear of the police, he toke Oliver and this couldn’t never escape by those cruel man. During a rapine Oliver was kicked by a pistol and the next morning he was to a beautiful woman with blond hair and blue eyes called Rose Mayle with her aunt. Oliver studied and he was happy. But a women called Nancy worked with Fagin and another criminal as Sikes and Monks. She said to Rose and Mr Brownlow Oliver is in danger. But to this she died killed by Sikes. All the criminal died or go in prison and Oliver is happy with a new family and a new brother: Monks ( the criminal) who made this bad actions to don’t know this.

From 1700 to 1800 all children had to work to give money to their families and many children met cruel man during their road of hope. In Great Britain, during this period of industry revolution, children couldn’t go to school and the school was free only on 1891.

This is a true story of this poor people during the industry revolution. This story is very beautiful because it teaches us the strong life of the past but also of our days in other countries which use this children to work because the govern is absent and the hope of money is big. My favourite character is Oliver Twist because he show us the difficult life and he show us to don’t give up when we want be happy.

CHARLES DICKENS

He was born on 7 February 1812. He loved read books and when he was only 12 his father went to the prison for serious money problems. He worked in a factory for long hours in very bad conditions and he never forgot this terrible experience. When he was 19 became a newspaper reporter for The Mirror of Parliament. Soon he began writing short stories for magazines. This stories were usually published in parts. In April 1836 Dickens married Catherine Hogarth and they had ten children. The Dickens’s first novel was The Pickwick Papers.

Charles has met a lot of people rich, poor, children and he wrote about them.

His best thematic is the poverty and social problems of those time. He died when he was 58 after have traveled in European’s country listening nices comments on his books.

Last Thursday, I and my class are gone to the ESA.

This is the European space agency. In it work a lot of people who work to give us more information about our space. They have gave us a new t-shirt and an hat. The first was nice but the other isn’t.

They have organized various projects for us and we have heard all with much interest. Now we know better our satellite: the MOON, because a young man have told us about this and about all the astronauts. The astronauts have an important jumper which permits them to survive practicing various vital functions. They have to do a lot of gym befor to leave the earth because in the space they can’t do a lot of moviment and they can keep fit.

I have played helping my friends to found an asteroid following their rect moviment on a map which was full of many black points.

We have seen 5 rockets that are flown to 10 metres, too. They were made by plastic and I still haven’t understood on what way this were flown on our heads.

We have done an experiment about hot and cold water. They was a mix and we have seen that the cold water went under the hot water because the first was more heavy and this because there are the convectively moviments.

We have done a simulation in order to build a mini rocket putting together their pieces.

This trip is been my favourite and I have learned much about science and our infinity space that we don’t know. I would put my foot above the moon but I can’t because this work isn’t for me.

In this place I would work because all were intelligent and kind, I believe they are a good group.

My favourite project was when our “ guide “ have built us a base on the moon because between small years they want build a base on the moon. I and another my 2 friends have done a fantasy base on the moon.

This experience is positive and I have to tank our English teacher who has organized this beautiful trip.

The ESA has organized a course between all the students of all the schools. They have invited us to do a slogan for a new satellite ( 5p ) which work to see the level of pollution on our future world. I hope to win because would be a big experience to win this course organized by ESA!!!!!!!!!!

And here is a sample view of our great experience!!!

I have a dream. A special dream. I want to became a footballer.

I want to become the best footballer in the world. I fight every day to stop to dream and begin to do a footballer.

Now, is difficult practice this sport, because all children have my same dream. If I think I am an ant in this world. I have this dream since I was child. Every day to school there were my friend spoke only about this sport. I was not into these conversations but I tried to understand something. By those day I have began to play football. When I played all was horrible: I couldn’t kick the ball because I wasn’t very well!!

Now, 5 years later, I am a good footballer. I am famous for this talent which make me a very special person.

I am smaller, so in my football match I must fight more than my mates. This small defect cannot permit my arrest.

NEVER GIVE UP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

This is my slogan.

During my life I had to fight much with all the obstacle that I have met on my road, and now I don’t give up in front of my obstacles. I am Raffaele and no one can stop me, all have to know who is Raffaele and I won’t listen the negative opinion on me, but I will demostre to this people what is my talent on my life.

I think is the best thing to struggle to make your dreams come true because we can’t arrest at the first obstacle, we must continue to walk and to realise our beautiful dreams.

My favourite footballer is Messi and he has fight to became the best footballer in the world. He is only 1 metre and 60 but he demostre 3 metres for his courage and his will.

I fight every day with my coach opinion. I want play all the match with my good will and I must, every day, go beyond my mates to become the first joice. I am sweaty, I have wounds, but at the end I am what I’m: A FOOTBALLER.

In Italy there are a lot of envoiromental problems, for example: waste disposal or the acid rains, but the main problem for me is the pollution.

Pollution is made by the industries which every day produce smoke that travel in our sky and touch our clouds. This smoke with the cold air became rain, but this rain is an acid rain.

Our cars help this polluting moviment when they produce smoke.

To this every months the govern organize a day when our cars do not circle in our city.

This day is made in Rome and Milano which are the Italians cities with more population.

The pollution ( the majority at north Italy ) is unhealthy for us, because this can produce the cancer and if there is a pregnant woman is child will born with physical defects.Another problem is the recycle: our industry are recycling a lot of waste, but this cannot permitt them to regenerate, so this can give free access to criminal groups.

We use a lot of energy: to watch tv or with the gas of our but this energy in the future will decrease. So, we can use our first sources of energy, for example the sun. This is a renewable source and this is always for us.

It is more echonomical!!!!!!!!!

Immigration is an International moviment about people Who want to come into other countrys that are not their native country. But this immigrants when arrive by us they found a lot of problems: racism, discriminazion and the problem to found job in order to help our society.

Now I want to talk about ITALIAN IMMIGRATION to America.

Italians immigrated into U.S.A from 1890 onward become a part of what is known “ New immigration “. This was an important change from the old , which consisted of Germans, Irish, british and Scandinavians and occurred through the 19 century. These immigrants, mostly artisans and peasant, ra presented all region of Italy, but mainly came from the Mezzogiorno, southern Italy. The majority were farmers or laborers. The laborers were mostly agricolturaland they did not have much experience on industry such as mining and textiles.

1913 was the year where a record high of Italians citizens immigrated to America. Most of these come from another n Italy, but more come from the south.

Due to the large numbers of Italians immigrants became a vital component of the organized labor supply in America. Poverty is the main reason of immigration, but political headship, the wars and the dream to return back with enough money to buy new lands, were motivators as well. For 80% of Italians immigrants, agricolture was their livelihood.

ELLIS ISLAND was the getaway for over 12 millions of people who immigrated to the United States as the U.S.A busiest immigrants inspection station for over 60 years from 1892. About 2% were denied admission to the U.S.A and sent back to their countries of origin for reason such having a chronic contagious disease or criminal background or insanity. Ellis island was sometimes known as “ THE ISLAND OF TEARS OF HEARTBREAK “ because of those 2% who were not admitted after the transatlantic voyage

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Here we can se two brothers. A little girl and a little boy. They are very young and very tired to get to a new world (America). Their life was very difficult. We can see the little boy’s bag on his shoulder. He has kept this bag with him for all journey. Their hope and their carefree faces make this a particular picture.

IMMIGRATION

I can live better if I leave now

Mum give me an hand. Here, there are a lot of people,

My mirror is black

I cannot see my face.

Give me, my ticket. I want to see my poor name on it,

Run, sister, run. They are closing the ship’s bridge.

Arrive, arrive in America!!!!!!!!

Tired I am. I could not sleep in those beds made by cloth.

Immagine a new life and smile.

Over all there was much sperance.

Now I want begin a new life and do not think never more of my old country. We are Americans citizens.